“The study of meaning in natural language. ‘Meaning’ is an elusive concept which modern linguists tackle by dispersing into other fundamental ideas such as Implicature, Meaning-NN, Sense and Reference, Value. See Theories of Meaning, Lexical Semantics, Structural Semantics, Truth Conditional.” J. Lyons, Semantics (Cambridge, 1977).
Read More“Also called denotative or referential theories. Theories which equate the meaning of a word with an object it stands for (like the ‘FIDO’-FIDO Theory), or else with the word’s relation to such an object. Proper names form the primary class, but general words can stand for abstract objects (‘dog’ for doghood, ‘red’ for the color […]
Read More“Theory which treats declarative sentences (as against commands and so on) as pictures of facts (if true) or possible facts (otherwise). A notable example of the theory is Tractatus (1921) by Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951). Each element in the sentence (bar certain connectives and so on) stands for something, be it an object or a quality or […]
Read More“The strictest form of the theory defines truth as a structural correspondence between what is true (a belief, judgement, proposition, sentence, and so on) and what makes it true (an event, fact, state of affairs, and so on). Because of the difficulties in defining such a relation (difficulties also facing the Picture Theory of Meaning), […]
Read More“A theory maintaining that a proposition will be true if it forms part of a system of mutually coherent propositions which is wider than any rival system. The coherence or consistency in question must of course be definable independently of truth, which may be difficult. The theory is favored especially by Objective Idealism, which rejects […]
Read More“Associated with Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770-1831) and his followers, notably in England Francis Herbert Bradley (1846-1924). See also Coherence Theory of Truth. This is a form of idealism whereby, reality, though mental or spiritual, does not depend on the human mind in particular but comprises a single spiritual entity: the Absolute (hence the name, absolute […]
Read More“Doctrine that all relations are internal to their bearers, in the sense that they are essential to them and the bearers would not be what they are without them. Some relations are clearly internal in this sense (four would not be four unless it were related to two by being its square), and some relations […]
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Read MoreSo when we talk about excess in the modern sense we kind of think we invented the concept. One need look no further than at the garish spectacle that has become Kim Kardashian’s wedding to notice that this trend among celebrities and the mildly well-to-do is in full force. I have no problem with someone […]
Read MoreThe Bradley-Martin Ball at the Waldorf-Astoria in New York City was a lavish affair that marked the pinnacle of Gilded Age social events. A socialite by the name of Cornelia Bradley-Martin, in a scheme that can only come from inhaling the ether of burning money, sought to alleviate the economic conditions of the city of […]
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